Experimental Investigation of Land Mobile Prediction Methods and Modeling of Radio Planning Tool Parameters along Indian Rail Road Rural Zones

Mobile communication networks in rural zones were not given enough importance and emphasis unlike their urban counter parts due to the unattractive revenues and economic considerations for the cellular operators. In order to identify the suitable prediction methods for Indian rail road rural zones, train-based measurements were conducted in the northern and western rural zones along rail roads. These were carried out by recording the carriers emitted by the trackside base stations inside the moving train. The observed signal levels converted into path losses were compared initially with various conventional prediction methods. The observed results were also compared with the predicted results of radio planning tool utilizing digital terrain data. The constants of the model incorporated in the radio planning tool were tuned separately for north Indian and west Indian base stations based on the observed results. The suitability of the models has been evaluated in terms of standard statistical parameters

Peri-operative, functional and early oncologic outcomes of salvage robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy after high-intensity focused ultrasound partial ablation

BACKGROUND: Partial ablation of the prostate using high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU-PA) is a treatment option for localised prostate cancer. When local recurrence occurs, salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is a treatment option for selected patients, but there is a paucity of data on the peri-operative safety, functional and oncologic outcomes of sRARP.. The objective of this study was therefore to describe peri-operative safety, functional and early oncologic outcomes following salvage robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (sRARP) for local recurrence after HIFU-PA. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of a prospective database of 53 consecutive men who underwent sRARP after HIFU-PA from 2012 to 2018. Continence and erectile-function were reported pre-HIFU, pre-sRARP, 3-months post-sRARP and 12-months post-sRARP. Complications, PSMs and need for subsequent ADT/radiotherapy were assessed. RESULTS: 45 men were suitable for inclusion and had sufficient data for analyses. Median duration from HIFU to sRARP was 30.0 months and median follow-up post-sRARP was 17.7 months. Median age, PSA and ISUP group were 63.0 yrs., 7.2 ng/mL and 2; 88.9% were cT2. Median operative-console time, blood loss and hospital stay were 140 min, 200 ml and 1 day respectively. Clavien-Dindo grade 1, 2 and 3 complications 90d) complications occurred in 13.2%. At sRARP pathology, ISUP 3-5 occurred in 51.1%, pT3a/b in 64.5%, and PSMs in 44.4% (37.5% for pT2, 48.3% for pT3). Of men with > 3-months follow-up after sRARP, 26.3% underwent adjuvant radiotherapy/ADT for residual disease or adverse pathologic features; 5.3% experienced BCR requiring salvage ADT/radiotherapy. Freedom from ADT/radiotherapy was 66.7% at 12-months. Pad-free rates were 100% pre-HIFU, 95.3% post-HIFU, 29.4% 3-months post-sRARP, and 65.5% 12-months post-sRARP. Median IIEF-5 scores pre-HIFU, post-HIFU, 3- and 12-months post-sRARP were 23.5, 16, 5 and 5, respectively. Potency rates were 81.8, 65.5, 0 and 0%, respectively. Bilateral/unilateral nerve sparing were feasible in 7%/22%. CONCLUSION: Salvage RARP was safe with acceptable but sub-optimal continence and poor sexual-function and poor oncologic outcomes. One in three men required additional treatment within 12-months. This information may aid men and urologists with treatment selection and counselling regarding primary HIFU-PA vs primary RARP and when considering salvage RARP

Analysis of WiMAX Radio Measurements and Comparison with Some Models over Dense Urban Western India at 2.3 GHz

The characteristics of the path loss in the 2.3 GHz band were measured in dense urban environment. Experiments at this frequency using WiMAX transmissions were conducted in dense urban western India. Coverage predictions using various models and their comparison with measured data were carried out. Path loss exponents, mean errors and standard deviations of all the prediction methods were deduced and suitable models for the path loss prediction identified

Some experimental investigations in the WiMAX band and comparison of propagation models in mixed urban environments of Western India

This paper presents the analysis of measurements taken at 2.3 GHz in the mixed urban environments of Western India for 17 WiMAX base stations. Coverage predictions using various models and their comparison with observed data have been carried out. Measured path loss is compared with the theoretical path loss values estimated by COST-231 Hata model, the SUI model, the ECC model, and ITU-R (P.1411-1) model. This investigation is essential to provide last mile broadband wireless access, before deployingWiMAX. Path loss exponents, mean errors, and standard deviations of all the prediction methods were deduced and suitable models for path loss prediction methods were identified

Evaluation of cellular prediction models using 900 MHz outdoor measurements and tuning of Lee model over Indian urban and suburban regions

The present study reports the field strength measurements of some GSM transmitters in the 900 MHz band located in the urban and suburban regions of Delhi in India. The measured signal levels converted into path loss values have been compared with the losses predicted from models such as Hata, Lee and COST 231 Walfisch and Ikegami. The prediction errors and standard deviations of the prediction errors have been deduced. Based on these results, Lee prediction method has been tuned and new model parameters have been derived. The model comparison is done in terms of statistical parameters such as root mean square error, coefficient of determination and average hit rate error

Some experimental investigation of the effect of railway tunnels on mobile communications in Western India

Establishing of mobile communications in guided structures like railway tunnels, coal mines, etc., is gaining increasing importance due to the passage of high speed and high density of trains in tunnels and for monitoring of information on safety of workers and day-to-day operations in various mines. The present study reports investigation of mobile communication experiments in ultra high frequency band in railway tunnels of western India conducted in a moving train both in uplink and downlink directions. The observed signal fluctuations are discussed in terms of tunnel characteristics and different modes of propagation in tunnels and compared with model deduced values

Mobile Communication Measurements Along Railroads and Model Evaluations Over Eastern-Indian Rural Regions

Establishing models for developing radio-planning tools that will be utilized to design new mobile networks for public safety,emergency communications, and public transportation (such as railways) is an essential component of system design. Field strength measurements were conducted in the rural eastern part of India in a moving train along the railroads, in the UHF band. This was done to identify suitable models for various rural zones of India along railroads, and to evaluate the suitability of existing models. Various models were tested with the data, and the standard deviations of the prediction errors were determined. For a given base station, the standard deviations of all the methods varied by 2 dB to 3 dB. The lowest standard deviations for all the base stations were seen in the Irregular Terrain Method (ITM) [1], followed by Hata's Method [2] for open regions. Path-loss exponents were derived, and were found to vary between two to three in low-density scattered environments. In rocky and hilly environments, the values shot up to more than six. The study also showed that numerical electromagnetic codes can be used to predict the path loss over any ground with relatively good accuracy, as their predictions agreed with experimental results